First monitoring system is a method which has been used by many performers trough out the years, basically this was done so the performer singing live in font of the audience, can listen to himself so as to monitor himself. Until 2010 these were just loudspeakers placed on a stage directed toward the performer (often called floor monitors or wedges), although nowadays we have modern and better equipment which I will discuss later on.
The wedge shape angles the sound upwards from floor level to the musicians ears. typcially a wedge would contain a 12 -inch (30cm) or 15-inch (38cm) low freqeuncy drive unit and a once inch (25mm) compression driver with horn, a classic example being the martin audio LE400C.
In my opinion the disadvantages of these equipment is that 1, its heavy, 2, the wires can be seriously dangerous for the performer, if they trap themselves in it, which is lack of health and safety and some times when the performer moves closer to the equipment a feedback noise is heard since the microphone get closer to the floor monitor. The last thing is that it takes ages to set up all this equipment.
Common System:
Stage monitors mixed from FOH is the most common type of monitoring system you will encounter. This system uses a couple of mixes on the FOH mixer. These auxiliary mixes are generally pre input equalization and pre-fader, so modifying FOH level does not change the sound heard by the performers. The auxiliary mixes have their own equalizers and signal processors which drive monitor amplifiers which in turn power the monitor system's speaker.
Stage Wedges:
a stage wedges speaker is probably the most commonly used speaker for stage monitoring. think of a regular speaker cabinet which the back cut off in a slant to point the speaker upwards when places on a stage floor. the angle and placement of a wedge is to reject the sound upwards to the musicians, improving his sound reception and to create an unobstructed view of the stage for audience.
Side Fill:
side fill speakers are typically large, full range speakers that are located at the sides of the stage. they allow performers to hear a better balanced and more enveloping sound to get an excellent idea of the mix of the entire band. sidle fills are never used in isolation, as performers need to hear their own sounds so wedge speakers are still placed in front of the singers.
Drum Monitors:
drum monitors are typically a little larger to include monitoring of the kick drum and larger toms. they also need to be directed to a person seated at the drum set. they can vary considerably and they are usually a combination of small mains speaker or wedge monitor and sub woofers. they can also be a single, taller dual 15 inch main speaker, providing both low end output for the kick drum and full range vocal output.
This video below is a Monitor sound check from Youtube
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